The effect of business regulations, property rights, and legal system on CO2 emissions: empirical evidence from the BRICS-T countries

Şaşmaz, Mahmut Ünsal; Bayar, Yılmaz; GENÇER, Yasin Galip

doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05157-4

The effect of business regulations, property rights, and legal system on CO2 emissions: empirical evidence from the BRICS-T countries

Yazarlar (3)

Doç. Dr. Mahmut Ünsal Şaşmaz Usak University, Türkiye

Prof. Dr. Yılmaz Bayar Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Türkiye

Prof. Dr. Yasin Galip GENÇER Yalova Üniversitesi, Türkiye

Makale Türü	Özgün Makale (SSCI, AHCI, SCI, SCI-Exp dergilerinde yayınlanan tam makale)
Dergi Adı	Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (Q1)
Dergi ISSN	2662-9992 Dergi Bilgileri (2025)
Dergi Tarandığı Indeksler	SSCI
Makale Dili	İngilizce	Basım Tarihi	06-2025
Kabul Tarihi	29-05-2025	Yayınlanma Tarihi	16-06-2025
Cilt / Sayı / Sayfa	12 / 1 / 1–10	DOI	10.1057/s41599-025-05157-4
Makale Linki	https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05157-4
UAK Araştırma Alanları	Sürdürülebilir Operasyon Yönetimi

Özet

Global CO2 emissions have continued to rise, although the rate of increase has begun to slow down due to environmental measures implemented at both international and national levels. Therefore, the results of empirical studies on the drivers of CO2 emissions have been crucial for design of the appropriate environmental policies. This research article explores the interaction amongst business regulations, property rights, legal system, income, urbanization, and CO2 emissions in the BRICS-T countries for the 2000–2021 duration by means of the novel causality and cointegration tests sensitive to heterogeneity and cross-section dependence. The results of the causality test reveal a mutual interplay amongst business regulations, property rights, urbanization and CO2 emissions and a unidirectional causality from income to CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the results of the long-run analysis also indicate that improvements in legal quality and property rights decrease CO2 emissions while business regulations, real GDP per capita, and urbanization increase CO2 emissions. Therefore, improvements in property rights and the legal system are vital for decreasing CO2 emissions. However, negative environmental effects of market-oriented business regulations, income, and urbanization should be balanced by stringent environmental policies.

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Atıf Sayıları
Web of Science	1
Scopus	1

The effect of business regulations, property rights, and legal system on CO2 emissions: empirical evidence from the BRICS-T countries

Dergi Adı	Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
Kısa Adı	HUM SOC SCI COMMUN
Yayıncı	SPRINGERNATURE
Açık Erişim	Evet
ISSN	2662-9992
E-ISSN	2662-9992
Wos Quartile	Q1
Scopus Quartile	Q1
Tarandığı Indeksler	SSCI , AHCI , Scopus
WoS Kategoriler	HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY \| SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY
Scopus Kategoriler	ARTS AND HUMANITIES (MISCELLANEOUS) \| BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING (MISCELLANEOUS) \| ECONOMICS, ECONOMETRICS AND FINANCE (MISCELLANEOUS) \| PSYCHOLOGY (MISCELLANEOUS) \| SOCIAL SCIENCES (MISCELLANEOUS)